Epiginoskein

A Neo-Calvinist's musings on theology, philosophy, and history.

Sunday, February 07, 2010

Dooyeweerd, Derrida, (and Vanhoozer... Sort of)

The other day I was rereading some of Herman Dooyeweerd's Prolegomena to his A New Critique of Theoretical Thought, when I came across Dooyeweerd's most famous paragraph (trust me, it's worth it to read beyond the fold!):

"This universal character of referring and expressing, which is proper to our entire created cosmos, stamps created reality as meaning, in accordance with its dependent non-self-sufficient nature. Meaning is the being of all that has been created and the nature even of our selfhood. It has a religious root and a divine origin." (I:4)

Given that I've also been reading Kevin Vanhoozer's discussion of Derrida (in his Is There a Meaning in This Text?), I find this paragraph more striking than ever. While deconstructionism is busy suggesting that everything is a text subject to the vicissitudes of interpretation (and thus always lacks meaning), Dooyeweerd (who, incidentally, agrees with post-modernity about the naivete of Enlightenment epistemologies) begins his work with an appeal to God as the source of all meaning. I find this very telling. For Dooyeweerd the cosmos itself is inherently meaningful because God has spoken it into existence. Likewise, reality is stamped with dependence. Apart from God's activity, reality lacks existence and meaning. Because of this divine origin, Dooyeweerd can presuppose the meaningfulness of being and of writing because there is something (Dooyeweerd would say, "Someone") beyond the boundaries of created reality.

Vanhoozer has commented time and again in his book on how deconstructionism begins with the assumption that God, and thus the "author," is dead. As a result deconstructionists complain that any attempt to find "meaning" in a text via the "author" is nothing more than a power play. Indeed, to the deconstructionist any attempt to differentiate between a "good" reading or a "bad" reading of a text is inherently oppressive and authoritarian. Readers (in this view) should be allowed to play freely with a text, creatively constructing their own meaning.

Now, at a certain level, I can sympathize (and even agree) with the deconstructionists' point, but at another level, this all feels like a teenage temper tantrum to me: "How dare you tell me what to do! You're destroying my life with all of your rules! What right do you have to come in here and tell me how to live my life?" I'm not trying to trivialize someone like Derrida's concerns, but every now and then all the talk about getting rid of the "authoritarian author" strikes me as a tad childish. I realize that if there is no God left in the universe, then there can be no final arbiter of interpretation. Yet, if one starts with the assumption of God's initial and continual creative activity, it is hard not to conclude that certain aspects of deconstructionism (nota bene: I said "CERTAIN" aspects) are little more than an expression of fallen humanity's resistance to submission to the Divine Author.

In summary, then, it would seem that a philosophical system like Dooyeweerd's would stand directly opposed to some of the central assumptions of deconstructionism.

4 Comments:

  • At 6:40 AM, Anonymous Brad said…

    While I have no doubt that some deconstructionists believe the things you say in this post, Derrida does not. He doesn't begin with the assumption that God or the author is dead. He doesn't say that finding meaning in a text through the author is nothing more than a power play. The association between Derrida and the death of god seems to come from his followers, not Derrida. Derrida actually speaks out against Barthes' phrase "death of the author" saying that "too much of a case has been made" of that phrase. Derrida does arrive at the conclusion that the author's interpretation shouldn't be privileged over other interpretations, but this is a conclusion not an assumption. And Jamie Smith argues that this conclusion actually makes incarnation "the condition of possibility for Objectivity/Truth."

    Derrida also has no problem differentiating between good and bad readings of texts. If this were the case then, as Derrida notes otherwise "one could indeed say just anything at all and I have never accepted saying, or encouraging others to say, just anything at all, nor have I argued for indeterminacy as such."

     
  • At 9:22 AM, Blogger Nevada said…

    Hi Brad,
    Thank you for your thoughtful and helpful comment!

    I have never had the opportunity to read Derrida myself. Though someday, if I have the time and opportunity, I would like to remedy that. Thus, I have to go through secondary sources (in this case Vanhoozer's description).

    Vanhoozer makes a big deal out of the alleged connection between the death of God/author and deconstructionism's project. That's where I'm getting that...

    In some ways, after finishing this post, I worried that people would think that I dislike Derrida and postmodernism. In certain aspects of my thinking I may actually be closer to Derrida than Vanhoozer (e.g., I haven't finished the book yet, but Vanhoozer promises to use Thomas Reid's common sense philosophy as one of the anchor points of his positive attempt to find meaning in the text... Any use of Reid scares me...).

    However, I work within an academic context that is generally hostile to finding "the" meaning of a text. I think Vanhoozer's description of deconstructionism fits my context fairly well. No reading of a text can be privileged because each reading is simply an expression (implicit or explicit) of power. Perhaps, this is, as you suggest more the result of Derrida's disciples than his own thinking--though, in fairness to Vanhoozer, some of Derrida's quotes about the "white mythology" which he presents seem to counter your suggestion.

    Regarding James K.A. Smith's reading of Derrida: I recall his favorable treatment of Derrida in "Who's Afraid of Postmodernism?" (an excellent little book, by the way). I also recall his attempts to hose down some of the irrational panic fomented by certain strains of Evangelicalism. Having said that, I have also talked with another Reformed philosopher (sort of a Reformed Thomist) who thinks that Smith is a bit naive in his reading. This person suggested that Smith paints too rosy of a picture of postmodern philosophers.

    For my part, I am still undecided on Smith, though I am more favorably inclined than my Thomist friend (Smith's book on Radical Orthodoxy was excellent!).

    I am intrigued by the distinction you make between a "conclusion" and an "assumption." Could you elaborate a bit more on that? Wouldn't Derrida's assumptions drive him to his conclusion? Maybe I'm just being thick-headed :)

     
  • At 12:37 PM, Anonymous Brad said…

    When I make a distinction between an assumption and a conclusion, I only meant to say is that he seems to come to this belief through an engagement with Husserl, rather than it being just a presupposition he brings to the table with no argument.

    As far as Smith goes, his treatment of Derrida in "Who's afraid ..." is simplistic (I wouldn't say naive, though), but rightfully so, I think, because this book was written for a popular audience. He has a much more in depth and extended look at Derrida in his Derrida - Live Theory.

    Unfortunately I haven't read Vanhoozer's book (it is on my list though) so I can't speak to his quotes about "white mythology" or what he says about the death of god/author.

     
  • At 5:00 PM, Anonymous Andrew C said…

    Nevada, go check out the thread at Ancient Hebrew Poetry on the Waltke review of Fox. Someone made a comment about Neo-Calvinism and VanTillianism and their respective approaches to bib studies and I'd be curious to hear you weigh in on the matter. Read my second comment especially and let me know if I need to be corrected there.

    Thanks man! Hope your studies are going well!

     

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